Response Paper

Blue Collar Workers Have Brains Too Throughout our advanced society there has consistently been a social separation between the privileged of professional specialists who have gotten advanced education, and the industrial workforce who make up the center and lower class of society. It is the suspicion of the cubicle class that the hands on power are a dimwitted bunch who depend on difficult work employments since they don’t have the knowledge important to make it in the desk world.In his article â€Å"Blue Collar Brilliance,† Mike Rose examined how the common laborers of industrial specialists is regularly thought little of and not given enough credit from their salaried partners. He expresses that through his exploration and perceptions, the hands on laborers for sure exercise noteworthy knowledge in their work, and that they shouldn’t be disregarded by those of a higher social class basically on account of their arrangement on the word related stepping stool. R ose depicted that he was brought up in a manual family, however that he looked for an advanced education a methods for satisfaction and to make a strong living.What I discovered fascinating were his perceptions through his investigations after doctoral level college. Rose states, â€Å"Intelligence is firmly connected with formal instruction the sort of tutoring an individual has, how much and to what extent and a great many people appear to move easily from that thought to a conviction that work requiring less tutoring requires less intelligence† (Rose, 247) I concur with Rose in this announcement due to my experience growing up, I was constantly trained that achievement in this life is tied straightforwardly with a formal education.If I needed to make a big deal about myself, I better head off to college. A lot to the shame of my folks, I put off school and entered the workforce as a disciple meat shaper. Throughout the years I have stirred my way up and was in the long run made the chief of a meat division. I have discovered that through my involvement with that occupation that I have gotten familiar with business hands on than in any of my concern classes. Rose makes a fascinating point about the hands on use of such significant apparatuses in the working class.He states, â€Å"Though numerous sorts of physical work don’t require a high proficiency level, all the more perusing happens in the industrial work environment than is by and large idea, from manuals and inventories to work requests and solicitations, to records, names and forms† (Rose, 253) Rose is doubtlessly directly about that since I have gotten familiar with the stuff to make a fruitful business with things like how to oversee expenses and work, how to control your buys as to meet your business needs while downplaying psychologist or misfortune, and how to build your gross overall revenue by smoothing out promoting strategies than I ever could in a classroom.He depicted w atching his mom Rosie as a server in a cafe and the entirety of the psychological shuffling she showed so as to keep her customers’ orders composed, the food conveyed appropriately in an opportune way, and ensure they were fulfilled and felt significant. He likewise saw that she was a server, however customarily wore the cap of clinician in tuning in to the individual accounts of her visitors, and providing food how she rewarded them and reacted to them as if she was their companion and backing system.I concur that the industrial workforce is regularly looked downward on by the individuals who have picked the way of advanced education and have a place with the cushy workforce since I have been an individual from the hands on swarm for more than ten years and can affirm that it to be sure requires noteworthy abilities so as to satisfy those occupations. I have worked in a café for quite a long while and have encountered that it is so hard to perform multiple tasks and keep ea ch client cheerful while shuffling a few tables and keeping different requests sorted out in my small documenting framework in my head.It genuinely requires an extraordinary mind to be a server in an eatery, to have the important aptitudes as Rosie did with the capacity to amass errands arranged by need and work effectively in a streaming movement instead of going around aimlessly scarcely keeping your brains about you since you can’t keep your notorious balls shuffling noticeable all around. As a matter of fact, when you drop one ball or commit an error, all your different balls typically come slamming down on you. That is the thing that we in the business call â€Å"crashing,† or â€Å"being in the weeds. I have seen such a high turnover of staff that couldn’t deal with all the obligations and have the client care and relationship building abilities essential for when things turn out badly. I concur with Rose’s purpose of how the cap of analyst is worn while playing out those obligations since you can totally spoil a persons’ food request however give them uncommon client assistance and cause them to feel unique by tuning in to them, show them authentic compassion and they will tip you well regardless of what errors are made in their feasting experience.I have had a few normal clients come into my café and solicitation me as their server since I cause them to feel exceptional, and I participate in genuine discussion with them and have along these lines constructed genuine fellowships with individuals due to the manner in which I regarded them as their server. Nothing caused a normal client to feel exceptional like having their refreshment of decision conveyed to them when they plunked down without expecting to request it. I have had numerous colleagues ask me how I reliably improved tips than they, when we are serving basically a similar segment of clientele.I disclose to them the key is to be a decent audience, for examp le, Rose’s mother was to both verbal and non verbal messages, and do the seemingly insignificant details so as to cause them to feel extraordinary and not just be a robot conveying their food and beverages. Numerous individuals expect that servers in cafés have a place with a lower social class, but since of my involvement with that industry I concur with Rose that it takes an uncommon individual to satisfy those positions.I acknowledged Rose’s acknowledgment of the industrial power as one who has critical insight; since I am an individual from that class and feel that I have regularly been decided as somebody who comes up short on the vital knowledge to make it in the cubicle world. I commend his contentions that the hands on power should never again be looked downward on as mediocre. Works Cited Rose, Mike. â€Å"Blue Collar Brilliance. † â€Å"They Say/I Say†: The Moves That Matter in Academic Writing : With Readings. Ed. Gerald Graff, Cathy Birkenste in, and Russel K. Durst. New York: W. W. Norton and, 2012. N. pag. Print.

Pathophysiology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Pathophysiology - Essay Example The two tests will be urgent in the determination of the retinal separation in Mr. Ally’s eyes. The nearness of the floaters and dim territories is a potential sign that the vitreous has pulled away from the retina. The shrinkage of the vitreous outcomes in pulling on the retina, and can prompt retinal separation (Kreissig, 2005). What's more, the floaters may show that the retina has unstuck from the internal piece of the eye, which contains oxygen, blood, and nourishment for sound working of the eyes. The manifestations that Mr. Partner show point to the nearness of the retinal separation. The specialist should treat Mr. Partner with a laser medical procedure or vitrectomy. Laser medical procedure is significant in reattaching the retina to its ideal spot in the eye (2005). The specialist ought to likewise perform vitrectomy by making an entry point in the white piece of the eye. At that point, the doctor should utilize an instrument to evacuate the vitreous and infuse gas into the eye to encourage the reattachment of Mr. Ally’s

Write a Successful CDR Report

Write a Successful CDR Report Competency Demonstration Report abbreviation of CDR. It plays a vital role for the individuals who are looking forward to getting the skilled migration visa for Australia. You should have to follow every guideline given in the MSA booklet by EA and include all the attributes. The CDR Report is an essential part of your CV which highlights all the information about you.   Requirements of CDR Report Summary Requirements of CDR ReportCDR Report WritingTips to Prepare an Effective CDR REPORT:successful tips for you1. Understand the purpose2. Be Honest3. Choice of Topic4.   Choice of Words5.The tone of the Report6. The importance of Summary Statement7. Say no to Plagiarism8.Break it into steps Career Report: In the career report, you will need to provide a long essay in which you define the engineering class you will be applying it. Be very fixed while writing down the tips. Summary Statement: Summary Report short but is difficult and one of the most important parts. In this first part, you will need to report the projects you have to handle before. CPD: CPD report is one of the most important for CDR Report, and you will need to mention your developments in different fields. CDR Report Writing CDR Report needs a lot of time and effort. They should mention the accurate details. For Migration Skills Assessment, a complete CDR report, which should be submitted to EA. CDR Application formThe copies of your academic recordsInternational English Language Test resultCurriculum Vitae or ResumeThe declaration that you have done the CDR reportSummary Statement with elements linked to correct paragraphs in Career EpisodesThree Career EpisodesContinuous Professional Development list Tips to Prepare an Effective CDR REPORT: A useful well-written report can make your dream of working in Australia come true. We have some suggestions for your help to maintain the CDR report. A good CDR works as an assessment standard that evaluates engineering degrees. You earned the experience gathered by working in the field. If you write your CDR report not correct, the chances are high that you have no success. The assessment of the report can make or break your success. Our expert provides you with the best service from calltutor.com. It can help you establish a permanent success in Australia. Or can also delete all your chances of fix a livelihood in Australia. successful tips for you 1. Understand the purpose Nobody likes to read wordy books. Your CDR report should be brief and comprehensive. You are sure that it gives out all the required information regarding your skills. Skip the extra details and write more about your tasks and achievements. Trust me when I say about this â€" none of the assessors wants to know about the profile that you have worked for. 2. Be Honest Blinded by objective, applicants write expensive lies in the report to impress the assessors. This may make their stories look good. It can be turn out to be quite a nightmare. You may look at your partner report and see him/her claiming achievements that they have not attained. Abstain from the desire of doing the same and be truthful about your milestones. Engineers Australia has a dependable policy for cross-checking the feature that you include in your CDR Report. 3. Choice of Topic Half your battle of coming up with a well-written CDR Report is won when you can come up with a good sample for your three Career event in the report. So the tip here for you is to experience the capabilities that the EA typically searches for in a designer. You can likewise check tests composed by CDR report writers to get a thought for your Episodes. Also, be exceptionally cautious concerning the class that you are applying for and pick a theme appropriately to feature your effectiveness well. 4.   Choice of Words While writing the CDR for engineers Australia be very careful of the words and the tone you choose. The tone should be formal, and the writing style should fit into the standards set by Engineers Australia. Since you are not from Australia, do keep the differences in dialect and spellings in mind. The English may differ; so be careful about your choice of words. 5.The tone of the Report The three profession occasion in your CDR ought to consistently be in the dynamic voice. This will make it sound progressively close to home and engaging. The tone of the report ought to be formal and simultaneously, captivating. Rather than causing it tedious, to incorporate more realities and subtleties of your encounters as a specialist and discussion about the honors you have accomplished in your vocation. 6. The importance of Summary Statement The outline articulation is the fundamental impression that an assessor will hold of you as a candidate. The Summary Statement ought to be illustrative enough with the goal that the individual, understanding it, gets knowledge of you and your three profession occasions before moving into the real report. 7. Say no to Plagiarism Written plagiarism is a tricky enemy and can get your CDR report rejected. In this manner, be exceptionally mindful of the realities that you use in your report and cross-check whether they all are sound or not. A typical mix-up that a considerable lot of you do is taking the substance for your report from the CDR tests that are accessible on the web. You can utilize the models for these reasons. however other than that dont duplicate content. 8.Break it into steps Composing a CDR is anything but a one-day undertaking and can be very dreary. What happens is most up-and-comers begin writing the news with a gung-ho disposition, and afterward, their eagerness loosens with the repetitive procedure. This is the reason most reports start on an amazing note yet end up as a dreary. A CDR report is a broadly detailed thing, and this way ought to be arranged in all respects carefully. At last, be twofold sure that you have pursued every one of the benchmarks given by the EA to evade any horrible result. Whenever introduced ineffectively, the CDR that you have sent to the Engineers Australia can go about as a burden in the way of your odds to fabricate a profession in Australia. Hope we clear all the must point you should have to do while writing your CDR report if you cant dot this by your own dont worry you can hire take CDR writing service provided by the expert writers at affordable prices.

Mexico The United States And The Economy Of North America

INTRODUCTION: The relationship with Mexico is vital to the United States and the economy of North America. It is one that cannot be ignored or treated with carelessness, especially in the regions where it has impact on the lives and livelihood of millions of people. September 11, 2001 changed the way the United States would secure its borders from neighboring Canada and Mexico, and those who enter it with the intent to do harm, forever. The border with Mexico in particular became a matter of special focus out of fear that terrorists might use the relatively porous Southwest border as an entry point into the United States to carry out further terrorist attacks against the homeland (Lee, Wilson, Lara-Valencia, de la Parra, Van Schoik, Patron-Soberano, Olson, Selee, 2013). As a result of the attacks that killed nearly three thousand people that day, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) was created by President George W. Bush’s Executive Order 12338, and the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (www.dhs.gov, 2015). The new agency began operating on March 1, 2003 integrating twenty-two previously disparate domestic agencies into one single department. One agency under the umbrella of the newly formed DHS is the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), charged with the daunting task of protecting our borders from dangerous people and materials. A law enforcement component of the CBP is the U.S. Border Patrol (USBP) whose mission is to detect and prevent the illegal entry ofShow MoreRelatedChanging Political Events : Mexico, Canada And The United States966 Words   |  4 PagesCanada and the United States were produced economies with solid customs of liberal political and financial arrangements, while Mexico had not one or the other. After World War II, Mexico occupied with protectionism and import-substitution, instead of fare headed development. 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In the United States, there were two phases of the Industrial Revolution. The first revolution, which happened between 1776 and 1789, was somewhat similar to Britain s Industrial Revolution and more political. The second phase of the American Industrial Revolution which happened from 1860 to 1900, was not only political but also was the great developmentRead MoreNorth American Free Trade Agreement Essay1398 Words   |  6 Pages North American Free Trade Agreement During the most recent race for the White House we heard very little of substance from both parties, but one thing both parties seem to agree on is that free trade has been bad for the U.S. worker. One candidate proclaimed that the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has cost the United States hundreds of thousands of jobs and another distanced herself from free trade agreements all together. It has been over twenty years since the implementation ofRead MoreEssay On Nafta881 Words   |  4 PagesNorth America consumes about 16.5% of the earths land area and about 4.8% of its total surface and is known as a World Power to the rest of the world. For my section of this paper, I will be focusing on international sourcing and distribution in North America specifically Canada, United States, and Mexico. The binding ingredient when it comes to imports and exports in these three powerful countries is the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). NAFTA is one of the most influ ential international

Ethical Issues Associated With Marketing And Advertising

Ethics are moral guidelines which govern good behavior. Acting ethically is doing what is morally correct. When business acts ethically, it is said they are practicing good business practice. Acting ethically is not similar to acting lawfully because Ethics are concerned with what is right and wrong whereas law is concerned with what is lawful and unlawful. So Legal and ethical issues are closely related as they both deal with issues affecting the society in general. Ethical issues associated with Marketing and Advertising: Ethical issues in marketing arise from conflicts of interest among parties doing business with each other. Ethical marketing efforts and decisions should meet the expectations of the various players in the marketing effort (Halbert Ingulli, 2012). Each party has its own expectation on how the business relationship is supposed to be. Advertisements are the most common marketing methods used by businesses. Ads last longer than word of mouth or networking and ads have a greater potential to reach large number of people especially in the digital age. Every aspect of the marketing and advertising are subjected to many regulations. When a product is being marketed and advertised to a particular group, there must be legal and ethical consideration of how this will affect the people you are targeting. In recent years, there have been various scandals relating to the manipulation of the FDA rules and regulations especially in pharmaceutical industry.Show MoreRelatedOnline Advertising Methods For Advertising1719 Words   |  7 Pages Online Advertising Methods Background Every day, marketing professional come up with new ways in which they can market their products to consumers successfully. Marketing of products has significantly changed following the invention of the internet. 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Martin Luther King †I Have a Dream Analysis Free Essays

string(51) " He maximizes the use of his great oratory skills\." Topic Choice: The topic choice ‘I have a dream’ was chosen after a lot of soul searching. It reveals the speaker’s previous experiences growing up and living in a segregated society. He only dreamt of being treated as an equal citizen, not based on the colour of his skin and ethnic background. We will write a custom essay sample on Martin Luther King – I Have a Dream Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now This topic was directed at millions of African Americans suffering from extreme poverty as a result of being denied opportunities in their own country. The topic resonated with everyone in the crowd on that day and would be repeated several times in the speech. The majority of the people taking part in the march for freedom on that day only dreamt of being accorded the same opportunities and rights that their fellow white citizens enjoyed. ‘I have a dream’ was an excellent topic choice for the event and still remains synonymous with the struggle for freedom up to this day Word Order: In [1], the speaker acknowledges and thanks the audience for attending the historic march for freedom and equality, and he reminds them that that particular day would go down in history as the greatest for freedom in the United States of America. He takes them back five years ago and reminds them that despite all the joy and hope they felt when Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Act, freedom was still far away. Nothing had changed among blacks, Hispanics and other visible ethnic minorities living in the United States: [1] â€Å"Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of captivity†. Martin Luther King’s demeanor was calm and collected and waited for the words to sink in the audience’s mind before proceeding with the next part of the speech. The order of his words was well organized right from the start: [1] and [2] talks about the Emancipation Proclamation and its mirage sense of equality. [3], [4] and [5 is a reminder for the United States Government to apply the Emancipation Proclamation to all men black and white. [6] and [7] is a declaration that unless the situation was corrected by the government, revolutions and disturbances will continue. 8], [9] and [10] is a reminder to the audience of the importance of avoiding violence and to restore to peaceful and dignified protests. [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18] and [19] are all an inspirational talk that is the essence of the speech ‘I have a dream’. Stress, Intonation and Coherence: The speaker stresses the importance of his message through his tone. This was not consi dered an ordinary message. This was supposed to be an extraordinary message from an extraordinary man at a crucial point in the history of African Americans in the United States of America. This was the only non violent weapon available to millions of disadvantaged people and the speaker knew the importance of this historic occasion. The speech had been written and revised several times until the Reverend Martin Luther King felt it was now ready to be delivered. Despite all the care, thought and effort put into drafting this speech, its message would be useless if it was not delivered in a coherent and logical manner. In [2] people are still reminded that the Negro is still not free. By invoking the word Negro, he really wanted to bring the message home to thousands of African Americans across America. The tone of his voice was authoritative, commanding as well as captivating the audience. He constantly reminded black people in America how they were living in dire poverty when in fact they were living in the richest country on earth. He was aware that his message would be broadcast in millions of homes across America and the world at large. There were applauses and cheering coming from the thousands of people standing in the crowd urging him to go on with the speech. His message was being well received: [2] â€Å"One hundred years later, the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition†. In [2], Martin Luther King was not only reminding black people that they were languishing in poverty and being denied all the available opportunities in the land of plenty, but he was speaking directly to the United States government and the majority of white people in America. He was merely telling them they should not forget how wealthy they were at the expense of the suffering poor black people and it was time to change the status quo. Therefore, his audience was not just the thousands of people gathered at the Lincoln Memorial, but the millions of white people who would be watching and listening to his speech in their luxurious homes. Local Semantic Moves: The speaker does not use just ordinary language to convey his message. He makes use of a number of semantics to enrich and make his message bold. In [3] he speaks of having come to the nation’s capital to cash a cheque and refers to the Declaration of Independence as a promissory note signed by the government. Once a promissory note is signed one cannot go back on that promise and by this he was reminding as well as warning the government that they had to act on their promises and failure to do so would continue to be met with demonstrations across the country. In [4] the speaker, reminds the authorities of having defaulted on their promissory note and the black people’s refusal to believe that there are â€Å"insufficient funds in the bank of justice† and that there are insufficient funds in the† great vaults of opportunity â€Å"of this nation. He invokes colorful language of banking to add meaning to his speech. He maximizes the use of his great oratory skills. You read "Martin Luther King – I Have a Dream Analysis" in category "Essay examples" By using semantics, he keeps his audience attentive and wanting to hear more. Martin Luther King chooses his words carefully to inspire in his audience the attitude he wants them to adopt in their quest for freedom, a non violent pursuit o freedom: [8]†We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again [slightly rising intonation] we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force. † Words such as â€Å"dignity, discipline, creative protest, majestic heights, and soul force† inspire a sense of self worthiness and mature dignity in the audience. In [10] King chooses his words brilliantly to reinforce the notion of a peaceful protest. He tells his audience that he is not â€Å"unmindful† of their situation. He totally understands and shares their plight and hardship. The speaker uses adjectives such as â€Å"storms nd winds† in describing the audience’s fight for freedom. It is like a typhoon that twirls them around and rips them apart but they have to endure it with â€Å"creative and redemptive suffering† and go back to their towns, to their demeaning jobs and to their ghettos to continue their dignified struggle for freedom. King used stimulating words to inspire his audience to seek their lost fr eedom but at the same time he chose his words carefully to control the probable physical effect of his inspiring words. He was protecting his hearers from any form of violence and brutality that might erupt after the speech. Speech Acts and Schematic Organisation: Throughout his speech, the speaker shows an impeccable sense of organisation and shows how gifted he is in the art of speaking. In [5] and [6] he invokes a sense of urgency of attaining freedom. He reminds the authorities of the seriousness of the matter despite the fact that he might be put in jail after the speech. Here is a man who knew anything could happen to him immediately after addressing this crowd and the nation. He displays his charisma and fearlessness: [5] † NOW [rising intonation] is the time to make real the promises of democracy. † â€Å"NOW [rising intonation] is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. † â€Å"NOW [rising intonation] is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. † â€Å"NOW [high intonation] is the time [pause] to make justice a reality for all of God’s children. He emphasizes the word ‘now’ in [5] indicating that they were tired of waiting and something had to be done immediately to address these social injustices. In [6] the speaker warns the authorities of the repercussions of ignoring their requests: â€Å"There will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights. † This was no joking matter. Although the speaker was addressing the audience gath ered at the Lincoln Memorial, this particular message was directed at the United States government and the whole world was listening and watching. In [7] his tone changes as he reminds the authorities once again of what awaits them if they don’t address their concerns: â€Å"The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges. † Despite these seemingly harsh and inciting words, the speaker quickly turns his speech around and addresses the black people warning them never to use violence or revenge as a means of attaining freedom. He displays his rhetorical and organizing skills in the process. In [8], [9] and [10] he skillfully urges all black people in America to continue fighting for freedom none violently. Propositional Structures turn Takings, Repairs and Hesitation: In [11] the speaker shows that he is a great man of faith and strength. Despite all the injustices and persecution, he is prepared to continue leading his people in the fight for freedom. He strongly believes that all human were created equal and should be entitled to the same opportunities. In [12], [13], [14] and [15] he starts each of the next paragraphs with a very strong and authoritative voice making the same utterance ‘I have a dream’. This is met by thunderous applauses and delight from the audience. At times he seems to hesitate to start the next sentence. He is simply making sure that his message is sinking deeper into his audience’s hearts and minds: [12] â€Å"I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at a table of brotherhood. [13] â€Å"I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. † [14] â€Å"I have a dream that one day [pause] down [long vowel] in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, one day down RIGHT THE RE [high voice] in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls and walk together as sisters and brothers. [15] â€Å"I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together. † The power of the speech’s title is clearly visible in all these words and they get the crowd jumping up and down, clapping their hands and nodding their heads all in agreement with the speaker. Hope and Freedom In [16], [17], [18] and [19] in the closing stages of his speech, Reverend Martin Luther King changes his speech act in order to drive the final message home. While he has been addressing the United States government and other stakeholders, his attention now turns to the African American gathered here and listening across the United States. He reminds them that despite all the suffering there is still hope and freedom is coming. People just need to persevere. In [18] he reminds the whole nation that freedom is coming to all corners of their country: [18] â€Å"So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire. (a) Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York. (b) Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania! c) Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado! (d) Let freedom ring from the curvaceous peaks of California! (e) But not only that; let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia! (f) Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee! (g) Let freedom ring from every hill and every molehill of Mississippi. (h) From EVERY MOUNTAINSIDE [high intonation] let freedom ring. â⠂¬  The tone in his voice changes considerably when he makes these utterances. His voice displays the seriousness, urgency and boldness associated with the quest for freedom. His concluding remarks show a man who has devoted his life fighting for equality and social justice. He reminds the American people of the beauty of allowing every human being to be free. In his mind, despite all the challenges and struggles of life, the black people will definitely be free one of these days: [19] â€Å"FREE AT LAST, FREE AT LAST! THANK GOD ALIMIGHTY, WE ARE FREE AT LAST! â€Å"[high intonations][applause and cheering]. The Results of the Analysis: The analysis of this speech illustrates how the Critical Discourse Analysis can explain hidden meaning in language. It does not dwell on one particular theory of discourse analysis but embraces a number of theories available. Using a number of different linguistic markers has revealed a number of linguistic traits displayed by Martin Luther King. A critical analysis of the topic choice reveals that it was chosen after a thorough and thoughtful process. ‘I have a dream’ becomes engrained in most parts of the speech as a way of emphasising the central theme of the message. The speaker’s style of presentation and rhetorical skills are unique. The speech invokes historical injustices that are still visible in American society and need to be urgently addressed. Just like the urgency with which poverty, injustice and lack of freedom has to be addressed, the speaker delivers his speech with so much punch and vigour. He uses very colourful language in trying to add more meaning to his speech. The audience are mesmerised by the strong and powerful message conveyed by the speech itself. The speaker switches his attention between the people gathered at the Lincoln Memorial and the United States Authorities as he subconsciously addresses them every now and then. Overall, this was a brilliant speech on a historic occasion which managed to achieve its main objectives. The message was heard by African Americans and the United States government loud and clear. This speech has gone down in history books as one of the best speeches ever to be delivered and still remains an inspiration to millions of people around the world up to this day. The Conclusion: Critical Discourse Analysis is a powerful tool for analysing speeches. Often, some speeches especially media texts, may not be comprehensible to the audience. Critical Discourse Analysis aims to demystify anything not apparent from the speeches and it tends to be more associated with power, struggle and politics, hence it has been appropriate to analyse Martin Luther King’s speech using Critical Discourse Analysis. Additionally, Reverend Martin Luther King’s speech owes its background to years of struggling, poverty and denial of opportunities for the majority of black Americans. He delivers the speech in a perfect setting after a long March for freedom when everyone was quiet anxious and expectant by the end of the day. The authorities were carefully watching him and scrutinising every word that came out of his mouth. Despite all the attention, he delivered the speech flawlessly and without any fear. His style and rhetoric was just unique and his speech was very well received by those gathered and everyone else watching at home. He continually repeated the title of the speech, ‘I have a dream’ as he attempted top drive his message home. In using the critical analysis approach, the writer attempted to unravel some of the hidden meaning engrained in this speech. How to cite Martin Luther King – I Have a Dream Analysis, Essay examples

Life and Work of Elinor Ostrom free essay sample

She believed that instead of privatization or government involvement, it is better for a country to have common pooled ownership of natural resources, with the assumprion that decision-making process is transparent and democratic. Her studies â€Å"showed that when individuals have to answer for their actions to others depending on the same resources, ex. fishing grounds or common pastures, their approach to shared responsibility changes. Elinor Ostrom has demonstrated how common property can be successfully managed by user associations and that economic analysis can shed light on most forms of social organization. (nobelprize. org) In her late life she worked as Distinguished Professor at Indiana University Bloomington, where in 1973 together with her husband Vincent Ostrom, founded the Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis. In addition to her positions at Indiana University, she also works as Research Professor and founding director of the Center for the Study of Instit utional Diversity at Arizona State University. We will write a custom essay sample on Life and Work of Elinor Ostrom or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In 1963, Elinor Ostrom had a successful marriage with Vincent Ostrom. Together they made numerous contributions to the field of political science as co-worker.. Elinor passed away in june 2012 in Bloomington at the age of 78 after a battle with pancreatic cancer, just two weeks after his husband’s death. After Elinor Ostrom’s death, Lauren Robel, IU Bloomington provost and university executive vice president said that â€Å"Beyond her incredible achievements as a scholar, she was also remarkable for her humility, kindness and boundless curiosity. Although she will be deeply missed, we take comfort in knowing that her work on the campus will carry on through the Workshop that now bears her and Vincents names. † Early Life and Education Elinor Ostrom, was born in Los Angeles, California, on August 7, 1933, as Elinor Claire Awan. She was the only child of a poor family. Her mother, Leah (born Hopkins) was a protestant woman, while her father Adrian Awan was a jewish man. Things in the family got even worst when her father left her mother and Elinor had to spend a lot of time with her father’s sister, attendint the protestant church. Elinor grew up during the Great Depression. Her family managed to live by planting vegetable garden and fruit trees in the backyard. She grew up learning †how to grow vegetables and how to can apricots and peaches during the heat of summer. (nobelprize. org) During World War II, Elinor learned how to knit scarves for the boys overseas. About her early years, Elinor Ostrom said that My childhood was spent learning and doing the traditional activities of a girl during the last century. My major recreational activity was swimming, and I eventually joined a swimming team and sw am competitively until I started teaching swimming to earn funds that I could save to help put me through college†. (nobelprize. org) As her family’s house was situated in Beverly Hills, she attended the Beverly Hills High School, where she graduated in 1951. Here, trying to overcome her speech impediment she attended the debate team and took part to various speech contests all around the state. Elinor said that „Learning debate was an important early impact on my ways of thinking. You are taught that there are always at least two sides to public policy questions, and you have to learn a good argument for both sides as well as knowing how to critique both sides. Participating in team efforts including my debating experience and being on a swimming team was also important. † (nobelprize. org)) Being a poor kid in a rich kids’ school was tough, but it gave her better future perspective. As it was perfectly normal for Beverly Hills students to go to college after graduating, Elinor took it as a must. Even though she was the first in her immediate family going to college, and she got no support from her mother she decided to study political sciences at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), where she graduated with honors in 1954. Without any financial support, she managed to finish college without any debt by working in the library, in a bookstore and in a dime store. Therefore, she had a big advantage as the tuition fees al UCLA was extremely low in that time period. After graduating, in a time period when women were seen more suitable working as a secretary, or as a teacher, she obtained a position of Assistant Personnel Manager for a business firm in Boston that had never hired a woman in anything but a secretarial position. It gave her hope and courage, and 3 years after she went back to UCLA. â€Å"Then I decided I would take one course a semester and get my masters of public administration,† she says, â€Å"and I got trapped. My courses were so fascinating that I decided to quit my full-time job and go back to graduate school, at a time when women didnt go to graduate school. In 1961, in her graduate work she took part in a research team with Vincent Ostrom, Charles Tiebout, and Robert Warren, studying the water industry in Southern California. She had to study the West Basin, and without realising she went into studying a common-pool resource problem. In this way, in 1962 she was awarded an M. A. by UCLA Department of Political Scie nces. About her Ph. D. admission Elinor Ostrom said that â€Å"My initial discussions with the Economics Department at UCLA about obtaining a Ph. D. in Economics were, however, pretty discouraging. I had not taken mathematics as an undergraduate primarily because I had been advised as a girl against taking any courses beyond algebra and geometry in high school. While the Economics Department encouraged me to take an outside minor in economics for my Ph. D. , they discouraged any further thinking about doing a Ph. D. in economics. [ ] I was, however, admitted in a class of 40 students with three other women. † (nobelprize. org)\ In 1965 she got her Ph. D. from UCLA Department of Political Science, and her Ph. D. and her dissertation thesis was called â€Å"Public Entrepreneurship: A Case Study in Ground Water Basin Management†. Her „dissertation research on Los Angeles West Basin groundwater resource introduced Ostrom to the study of common-pool resources, in which multiple users have access and potentially compete for a limited supply of goods or services. † (newsinfo. iu. edu) In the same year she got her Ph. D. , her husband accepted a job offer from Indiana University’s Department of Political Science. This is how in 1965, she and Vincent moved in Bloomington, Indiana, where she started †looking for her own employment at the university and notes it was fortunate that Indiana University did not have any nepotism rules as in the University of California system. (ncbi. nlm. nih. gov) Career After moving in Bloomington, Indiana, she started her teaching career together with her husband, but it was harder for her to get the job. †I tagged along as it was very hard for any department to hire a woman in those days. Fortunately, the Department of Political Science later needed som eone to teach Introduction to American Government on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturday mornings at 7:30 a. m. They appointed me as a Visiting Assistant Professor to do that. Maybe one of her most famous books is Governing the Commons: the Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action  (1990) where she develops a series of empirical studies of groundwater basins to provide a â€Å"broader theory of institutional arrangements related to the effective governance and management of common-pool resources† (p. xiv). In the very beginning of the book she sets out three models often used to provide a foundation for recommending state or market solutions. These 3 models are: * Hardin’s tragedy of the commons t refferss to the general problem of overpopulation * the prisoners’ dilemma model it reffers to people’s willingness to commit themselves to a cooperative strategy for better payoffs rather than they themselves will do * Olson’s logic of collective action a theory of collective inaction where she focus more on those who do not participate in collective actions regarding the commons 2. Early work Ostroms early work emphas ized the role of public choice on decisions influencing the production of public goods and services. As she arrived at Indiana University in 1965, the first project she started working on was about the examination of an urban common resource of high importance for the community: the police. The project started modestly, but Ostrom worked for about 15 years on it, but her research †revealed several important conceptual processes of urban policing and turned widely held presumptions on their head †. †The first 15 years of my research career at Indiana University were focused on studying police industries across the United States†, she said. In this research she said that they never found in any metropolitan aera in the entire USA a police department of more than 100 oficers able to outperform a smallor or medium-size police department when about public services such as patrol, criminal investigation, or traffic control. 3. Later work Her later, and more famous, work focused on how humans interact with ecosystems to maintain long-term sustainable resource yields. Elinor Ostrom said that †After fifteen years of extensive research on police industry structure and performance, I returned to studying the commons, but this time with the recognition of what I was studying. The National Research Council created a special committee in the mid-1980s to review the empirical research written about common-pool resources†. Her research has considered how societies have developed diverse institutional arrangements for managing natural resources and avoiding ecosystem collapse. Ostrom and her many co-researchers have developed a comprehensive Social-Ecological Systems (SES) framework. All these assumptions were based on †extensive field research experience in Nepal, Nigeria, and Kenya and research visits to Australia, Bolivia, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Philippines, Poland, and Zimbabwe. , but also in countries as Norway, Sweden, Poland or California. (Elinor ostrom’s CV) Nobel Prize Source:www. nobelprize. org /nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/2009/ostrom. html The 2009 Sveriges Riksbank Prize for Economic Sciences was basically concerned about where best to conduct transactions; * in the open market, within firms, * or among self-regulating groups of individuals In 2009 the economic prize was divided equally between Elinor Ostrom, for her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons, and the american economist Oliver E. Williamson  for his analysis of economic governance, especially the boundaries of the firm. (nobelprize. org) . 1. Small review of Elinor Ostrom research The  Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences  awarded Ostrom as her research had shown how groups of people can successfully manage common property they all take advantage of. Her extensive research was showing the contrast between 2 entities as illustrated in the picture below: She found that those who are better at regulating those resources are those with a vested interest in the resources they manage rather than the publicly-appointed management bodies would be. Best sollution!!! Her research reveals that in many, but not all, cases, allowing users to develop their own rules to regulate the use of common property results in the most efficient solution for managing those resources. †For instance, her studies of the lobster fisheries off the coast of Maine in the United States show that self-imposed rules can often be better, and better-followed, than imposed ones. In short, self-governance can be successful. Her work incorporates both case studies of numerous real-life examples and laboratory experiments testing the ways people interact. The experiments reveal that people seem more willing to regulate others behaviour than predicted, and also that the development of efficient rules for regulation depends critically on good communication between the people involved. † (nobelprize. org) 2. Prize lecture Elinor Ostrom’s Nobel Prize lecture called †Beyond Markets and States: Polycentric Governance of Complex Economic Systems† sums up all her intellectual journey, starting with 1950s when she tried to understand the polycentric water industry in California. She conducted several studies with her husband Vincent Ostrom and Charles Tiebout, trying to solve the †problem of an overdrafted groundwater basin on the coast and watching saltwater intrusion threaten the possibility of long-term use. † (ncbi. nlm. nih. gov) Later on, in the 1970s she took part to the polycentric police industries serving U. S. metropolitan areas areas to find that the dominant theory underlying massive reform proposals was incorrect. These early empirical studies, lead later on to the development of 409 case studies on common-pool resource systems around the world. In this way, †large studies of irrigation systems in Nepal and forests around the world challenge the presumption that governments always do a better job than users in organizing and protecting important resources. † (elinorostrom. indiana. edu) Elinor Ostrom’s prize lecture is divided in different parts as following: 1. The Earlier World View of Simple Systems It reflects the mid-twentieth century general trend to †fit the world into simple models and to criticize institutional arrangements that did not fit †. It had 3 basic assumptions: a. Two Optimal Organizational Forms: The marker A single governmental unit b. Two Types of Goods: Pure private goods: are both excludableand rivalrous Public goods: are both nonexcludable and nonrivalrous c. One Model of the Individual: The general assumption accepted in economical research and game theory that all individuals are fully rational. 2. Early Efforts to Develop a Fuller Understanding of Complex Human Systems It reflects the mid-twentieth general view of symple system adapted and transformed as a result of empirical research and development of game-theory models by: a. Studying Polycentric Public Industries with special regards to the way citizens, local public entrepreneurs, and public officials engage in various ways of providing, producing, and managing public service industries b. Doubling the Types of Goods by studying how people cope with public problems in the world. The figure below †provides an overview of four broad types of goods that differentially affect the problems individuals face in devising institutions to enable them to provide, produce, and consume diverse goods†. (nobelprize. org) Keep in mind that every broad type of good contains many subtypes of goods thay may duffer. As an example, a river and a forest are both common resources, but they differ from a lot of points of view such as the mobility or time for regeneration. 3. Developing a Framework for Analyzing the Diversity of Human Situations As we can see in the picture below Elinor Ostrom developed set of †external variables that conduct to an action situation to generate patterns of interactions and outcomes that are evaluated by participants in the actionsituation (and potentially by scholars) and feed back on both the externalvariables and the action situation. 4. Are Rational Individuals Helplessly Trapped in Social Dilemmas? In this chapter Elinor Ostrom tries to figure out to what extent the rational individuals act rational and how they manage to solve the classical dilemmas such as the overharvesting of common-pool resources and the underprovision of local public. This analysis propose to perceive the human beings and the way they act as being trapped inside perverse situations. A suggestive ilustration of people social dillemas is availavle below. The topic is largely developped in chapter 7. 5. Conducting Experiments to Study Common-Pool Resource Problems †Experiments on CPRs and public goods have shown that many predictions of the conventional theory of collective action do not hold. More cooperation occurs than predicted, â€Å"cheap talk† increases cooperation,and subjects invest in sanctioning free-riders. † (nobelprize. org) 6. Studying Common-Pool Resource Problems in the Field Having conducted a lot of empirical research, this part reffers to the pragmatic field study. Getting the opportunity to visit Nepal in 1988, she found a maintained irrigation system and some government-constructed and managed system. She developped a great case study about her research in Nepal, but this is only one exemple out of hundreds studies and observations in the field. She also conducted research in India, Sri Lanka, and Japan. 7. Current Theoretical Developments Ostrom identified eight design principles of stable local common pool resource (CPR) management as follows: 1. Clearly defined boundaries (effective exclusion of external un-entitled parties); 2. Rules regarding the appropriation and provision of common resources that are adapted to local conditions; 3. Collective-choice arrangements that allow most resource appropriators to participate in the decision-making process; 4. Effective monitoring by monitors who are part of or accountable to the appropriators; 5. A scale of graduated sanctions for resource appropriators who violate community rules; 6. Mechanisms of conflict resolution that are cheap and of easy access; 7. Self-determination of the community recognized by higher-level authorities; 8. In the case of larger common-pool resources, organization in the form of multiple layers of nested enterprises, with small local CPRs at the base level In theory, thinks would go well if everybody would follow some simple rules. People,are using rules they learned that work relatively well in a particular situation. They also learn norms, which are internal assumptions. In her theoretical research, Elinor Ostrom assumes that people are more effective if they count in internal values and norms than external imposed rules. 8. Complexity and Reform In her last chapter of her prize lecture, Elinor Ostrom points out that people have to be willing to deal with complexity instead of rejecting it. Both eaconomical and social sciences developped a lot during the last decades and people have to be open to changes. She believed that people are not aware on new discoveries made in the field, and there are still many common properties badly managed by public governance just because of people’s unawareness and ignorance. Conclusion To sum up Elinor Ostrom’s research work, after her death, Wyn Grant. rofessor in the Department Politics and International Studies at the University of Warwick appreciates that she was †A former president of the American Political Science Association, who worked across different disciplines in the social sciences and also influenced work in the physical sciences relating to environmental management. † (blogs. lse. ac. uk ) As mentioned before, her entire research activity can be divide d in 2 parts: 1. Early work where she mainly concentrated on the role of public choice on decisions influencing the production of public goods and services. Here we took the example of the 15 years long research project â€Å"studying police industries across the United States†. 2. Later work that was better appreciate where she focused on how humans interact with ecosystems to maintain long-term sustainable resource yields. In this time period, together with her co-researchers developed a Social-Ecological Systems (SES) framework, based on †extensive field research experience in Nepal, Nigeria, and Kenya and research visits to Australia, Bolivia, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Philippines, Poland, and Zimbabwe. , but also in countries as Norway, Sweden, Poland or California. Just a few of some most important discoveries Elinor Ostrom made are pointed out as following: * Most efficient sollution when managing the commons: allowing users to develop their own rules to regulate the use of common property! * Principles, not rules!!! Self-imposed rules can often be better-followed, than imposed ones, as it makes people act more respon sible * She also appreciates that †The most important lesson for public policy nalysis derived from the intellectual journey I have outlined is that humans have a morecomplex motivational structure and more capability to solve social dilemmas than posited in earlier rational-choice theory† .

Right Field essays

Right Field essays Many Americans today have totally differing views on the moral aspects of their societies. Politics has taken an aggressive role in determining what people see as right, what others see wrong, and what some people could care less about. Either way each individual has his or her own ideology. An ideology is a person's belief on the values of the government in which they are under. Four basic ideologies are liberalism, socialism, libertarianism, and the most ethical idea of them allconservatism. Conservatism is the belief that government should have limited power and that citizens should have rights to private property and free enterprise. (Burns et al 246) Conservatism also encourages ideas such as pro-life and discourage ideas such as gun control, pornography, and homosexuality. Overall, conservatism is the most constructive and moral system of belief in America today. The other three ideologies, however, tend to lack the moral and ethical values which conservatism sustains. Liberalism views the government as the "control center" of America, leaving citizens with minimal power. Liberalism also, unlike conservatism, condones pro-choice, gun control, special rights for homosexual individuals, as well as a various array of other morally compromising ideas. In socialism, the government is believed to be the only power. Socialists want the government to totally support the citizens, which gives the citizens no choice of their own. This ideology is most commonly connected to the viewpoint that Karl Marx strongly believed in. Libertarianism, on the other hand, seeks extremely limited governmental power, thus proposing a hint of anarchism. Although each of these three other ideologies has some traits in common with conservatism, they all lack the ethics which conservatism possesses. Liberalism and conservatism are considered to be rivals because each ideology tends to deal with issues on opposing sides of t ...

Viet Minh Definition

Viet Minh Definition The Viet Minh was a Communist guerrilla force founded in 1941 to fight against the joint Japanese and Vichy French occupation of Vietnam during World War II. Its full name was Viá »â€¡t Nam à Ã¡ »â„¢c Lá º ­p à Ã¡ »â€œng Minh Há »â„¢i, which literally translates as the League for Viet Nams Independence. Who Were the Viet Minh? The Viet Minh was an effective opposition to Japans rule in Vietnam, although they were never able to dislodge the Japanese. As a result, the Viet Minh received aid and support from a variety of other powers, including the Soviet Union, Nationalist China (the KMT), and the United States. When Japan surrendered at the end of the war in 1945, Viet Minh leader Ho Chi Minh declared Vietnams independence. Unfortunately for the Viet Minh, however, the Nationalist Chinese actually accepted Japans surrender in northern Vietnam, while the British took the surrender in southern Vietnam. The Vietnamese themselves did not control any of their own territories. When the newly-free French demanded that its allies in China and the U.K. hand back control of French Indochina, they agreed to do so. Anti-Colonial War As a result, the Viet Minh had to launch another anti-colonial war, this time against France, the traditional imperial power in Indochina. Between 1946 and 1954, the Viet Minh used guerrilla tactics to wear down French troops in Vietnam. Finally, in May of 1954, the Viet Minh scored a decisive victory at Dien Bien Phu, and France agreed to withdraw from the region. Viet Minh Leader Ho Chi Minh Ho Chi Minh, the Viet Minh leader, was very popular and would have become the president of all of Vietnam in free and fair elections. However, in negotiations at the Geneva Conference in the summer of 1954, the Americans and other powers decided that Vietnam should be temporarily divided between north and south; the Viet Minh leader would be empowered only in the north. As an organization, the Viet Minh were beset by internal purges, plummeting popularity due to a coercive land reform program, and a lack of organization. As the 1950s progressed, the Viet Minh party disintegrated. When the next war against the Americans, variously called the Vietnam War, the American War, or the Second Indochina War, broke out into open fighting in 1960, a new guerrilla force from southern Vietnam dominated the Communist coalition. This time, it would be the National Liberation Front, nicknamed the Viet Cong or Vietnamese Commies by anti-communist Vietnamese in the south. Pronunciation: vee-yet meehn Also Known As: Viet-Nam Doc-Lap Dong-Minh Alternate Spellings: Vietminh Examples After the Viet Minh expelled the French from Vietnam, many officers at all levels in the organization turned against one another, sparking purges that greatly weakened the party at a crucial time.

Advances in imaging and minimally invasive surgery Essay

Advances in imaging and minimally invasive surgery - Essay Example Patients can leave the hospital right after the surgery and return to their normal activities. This is more convenient than going to the conventional open surgery. In minimally invasive surgery, special medical instruments may be used, such as highly special optic cables, miniature endoscope cameras and special surgical instruments placed in tubes inserted into the body through small incisions. Internal images of the interior of the body are transmitted to a video monitor. Through it, the surgeon can identify the internal features, and do surgical operations if needed. Recently, optical engineering and imaging technology make it even more possible to visualize the manipulation of tissues. It can even reach to remote internal locations which is difficult during the former and traditional procedures (Boppart   A., Deutsch F. and Rattner  D. W., 1987). Technology has become more sophisticated most especially in helping the doctors and surgeons to locate tumors from different areas of the body internally. With these, it will be more helpful for them to explore the whole body and to get more precise diagnosis. It enhances internal navigation for surgeons and simultaneously record findings. Several medical instruments and ultrasound devices are used in minimally invasive technology. The purpose is to get images from the internal organs in order to point out the possible internal problems and provide the most accurate explanations. Dr. Stephen Smith, of the Duke’s Pratt School of Engineering said that their ultrasound device could really advance the use of minimally invasive technology. Their team first developed the three dimensional ultrasound scanners in 1987 in acquiring images of the heart. What they could provide is not simply two dimensional images but more detailed three dimensional images. He provides the comparison between the more advance imaging technologies than

Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Managment - Essay Example In simple words, sustainability aims to combat with the latest challenges by allocating the resources and energies for the short term period without putting the future developments into jeopardy. Thus, sustainability is basically seen by neoclassical economists as a problem of managing a nation’s portfolio of capital to maintain it at a constant level, either in toto or per capita. It includes natural capital, in principle, but it also allows for virtually unlimited substitution between man-made and natural capital (Pearce et al., 1990: quoted in Ayers 2000 2). Hence, sustainability looks into the canvas of business environment with a larger and long term perspective. However, it does not mean that it absolutely nullifies the long-term planning. On the contrary, it works out on current corporate scenario in such a dedicated way, by exercising best of skills and proficiencies that it indirectly creates long-term shareholder value by increasing opportunities and minimizing risk factors for the future years to come. Sustainability is essentially the continuity of the satisfaction regarding the fulfillment of basic needs; the same can be witnessed by elaborating the concept within corporate point of view, where it is actually the strategy devised and articulated to keep the ball of commercial activities rolling. The analysts divide sustainability into two different levels, which include weak and strong sustainability. Weak sustainability is the idea that natural capital can be used up as long as it is converted into manufactured capital of equal value. On the other hand, strong sustainability is the idea that there are certain functions that the environment performs that cannot be duplicated by humans.(Hart, Maureen 1998 3) In other words, the theorists argue that different forms of capital can be utilized by converting it from natural form into manufactured capital form. Consequently, weak sustainability measures the value of natural objects, beauties and c apital within a monetary perspective without taking into account its worthwhile status as the pure object of nature. For instance, mountains offer countless beauties and finances are generated from the tourists and visitors. Additionally, there are countless natural products that could be obtained from mountains and hills. However, the weak sustainability mere calculates the gains that could be generated by turning the hilly areas into plains. Thus, the narrow-sightedness of the notion appears to be unable to provide an in-depth analysis of the objects of nature and mistakenly regard them as the wastage of resources out of which huge money could be generated. Similarly, a forest full of trees contains the worth quite different from the estimation made by an entrepreneur. A value can be calculated if you assume that all the trees are cut down and turned into furniture or paper. However, the forest provides a home for wildlife that provides food for hunters. It also provides a place f or hikers to enjoy the natural environment. (Hart, Maureen 1998 5) On the other hand, strong sustainability refutes the very idea that natural capital are substitute to one another and hence can be estimated in terms of materialistic and

Jonathan Swift’s A Modest Proposal Essay -- Jonathan Swift’s A Modest

Jonathan Swift’s â€Å"A Modest Proposal†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Jonathan Swift’s â€Å"A Modest Proposal,† published in 1729, Swift engages in an extraordinary amount of irony and satire. Swift states that in order to reduce famine in Ireland and to solve the problems that they are having that eating children would be a good solution. This is not the purpose of Swift’s essay. The real intent was to get the people of Britain to notice that the ideas that they were coming up with were not any better than his satirical one, and new ideas and efforts needed to come forth in order to solve the problem.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Swift stresses that it is hard for mothers to provide for their children and it is not getting any easier. He feels that this is due to an overpopulation and lack of food. It is hard enough for these mothers to... Jonathan Swift’s A Modest Proposal Essay -- Jonathan Swift’s A Modest Jonathan Swift’s â€Å"A Modest Proposal†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Jonathan Swift’s â€Å"A Modest Proposal,† published in 1729, Swift engages in an extraordinary amount of irony and satire. Swift states that in order to reduce famine in Ireland and to solve the problems that they are having that eating children would be a good solution. This is not the purpose of Swift’s essay. The real intent was to get the people of Britain to notice that the ideas that they were coming up with were not any better than his satirical one, and new ideas and efforts needed to come forth in order to solve the problem.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Swift stresses that it is hard for mothers to provide for their children and it is not getting any easier. He feels that this is due to an overpopulation and lack of food. It is hard enough for these mothers to...

The Role of Women in Spartan Society

THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN SPARTAN SOCIETY The women of ancient Sparta, those who were born to Spartan parents, had many roles. They were very important and essential for the stability and running of the ancient warrior society. The woman’s role in Spartan society was highly regarded by the state as equal in importance to that of a man’s, but they could not rule or hold public office. They were given the freedom, power, respect and status that was unheard of in the other polis, along with the rest of the classical world.Since the time of Lycurgus, the Spartan lawgiver, the women of Sparta were very much aware of their role in society. These roles were in regards to motherhood, ownership and maintenance of land, religion, education, marriage and their strong influence and power in society. In Xenophon’s explanation of the Spartan constitution, the central and most important role in Spartan society for the Spartiate or free woman was to continue Sparta, through childbirt h. Spartan women were highly valued as the mothers of warriors and they had to maintain their fitness to ensure healthy pregnancy and childbirth.Since Sparta was regularly at war for much of its five hundred year history, it was a woman’s role to bear and rear healthy children, in particular, strong and brave sons to serve in the Spartan army. Females were encouraged to participate in physical training so that they could give birth o healthy babies. According to Xenophon, Lycurgus decreed that â€Å"women should take as much trouble over physical fitness as men†¦ on the grounds that if both parents were strong, the offspring would be more sturdy and the women themselves would be able to bear the pains of labour. The role of motherhood was so important that mothers who had numerous sons were given special status and according to Xenophon, â€Å"Spartans value motherhood so highly that there were only two ways a Spartan would receive their name on a gravestone: death in battle or death in childbirth. † Women were responsible for bringing up their children in their early years where both girls and boys received a public education. Mothers were responsible for communicating the Spartan values to their children. They encouraged bravery in their sons and did not tolerate cowardice in battle or mourn their sons when they died in battle.Rather than mourn the death of their son, they would take pride in the fact that their son died in defence of Sparta – Source 1 (Plutarch On Sparta, p. 160) â€Å"As a woman was burying her son, a worthless old crone came up to her and said: ‘You poor woman, what a misfortune! ’ ‘No, by the two gods, a piece of good fortune,’ she replied, ‘because I bore him so that he might die for Sparta, and that is what has happened. † To die for Sparta in battle was a man’s highest honour and what a mother dreams of for her sons.Therefore, the pride of a Spartan woman was to be a mother of a truly courageous and dutiful son – Source 2 (Plutarch On Sparta, p. 160) â€Å"When an Ionian woman was priding herself on one of the tapestries she had made (which was indeed of great value), a Spartan woman showed off her four most dutiful sons and said they were the kind of thing a noble and good woman ought to produce, and should boast of them and take pride in them. † Spartan mothers were not tolerant to a son’s act of cowardice or unworthiness towards her and Sparta. They were known to shame and kill their sons when they displayed these actions.For example, a quote from Plutarch’s Sayings of Spartan Women shows just this. Another Spartan woman killed her son, who had deserted his post because he was unworthy of Sparta. She declared: â€Å"He was not my offspring†¦ for I did not bear one unworthy of Sparta. † (Blundell, 1995, 151 & 157; Pomeroy, 2002, 34-37 & 52-69 – Don’t know who said what, notes given fro m a uni student. ) Spartan women were known to be wealthy although Sparta did not have a coinage system and women were not allowed to possess gold or silver. This wealth was known to have been acquired from property ownership.Land ownership in Sparta was different from other polis. A family’s land was shared between all members of the family, including the girls but their percentage was smaller than her brother’s. At the beginning of the classical period, a Spartan woman could inherit part of her family’s estate but she never owned it, it was always passed on to her children. This changed and towards the end of the classical period, Xenophon and Aristotle noted that women did own and could manage, control, and dispose of property without the need of male approval.Women could also acquire land through marriage says Powell, Athens and Sparta. Aristotle indicated that women owned two-fifths of the land near the end of the classical period. With the women owning thi s much land and the men were constantly away training or at war, they played very important roles in the management of the household and the kleros. They had to supervise the helots who worked in the house and kleros because they did not perform domestic duties or manual labour, an act which was seen only fit for helots.If a woman was married, any profit from her estate was her husband’s profit too and the same goes for any profit from the estate of her husband’s. If a married couple were to divorce, which was very rare, women were allowed to keep their estates. Women were encouraged to be skilled and knowledgeable with horses so they could ride out to supervise theirs and their husband’s estates which could have been spread out over a vast amount of area. Therefore, Spartan women usually owned, bred and trained fine horses which served as an example of their wealth in land. Blundell, 1995, 155-157; Pomeroy, 1975, 38; Pomeroy, 1991, 144; Pomeroy, 2002, 19-34 & 7 6-86 – Don’t know who said what, notes given from a uni student. ) Women also played an important role in religion. According to S. B. Pomeroy, Spartan cults for women mirrored the society’s emphasis on female beauty, health and most of all, fertility, being prominent in the cults of Dionysus, Eileithyia and Helen. During religious festivals, such as the Hyporchema and the Caryatid, women would sing, dance, race, feast, dedicate votive offerings, drive chariots in processions and weave clothing for cult images of the gods, said Pomeroy.At the Hyakinthia festival, women played a part in â€Å"riding on richly decorated carriages made of wicker work, while others yoked chariots and drove them in a procession for racing† says Hooker in The Ancient Spartans. At the sanctuary of Artemis Orthia, a large number of votive offerings have been found. It is thought that these offerings were made by women who were barren, pregnant or had survived childbirth, as Artem is Orthia was associated with childbirth. Also, Spartan mothers made offerings and sacrifices to the goddess Aphrodite Hera when their daughters got married.In addition, Pomeroy stated that sundry votive offerings by individual women were evidences of other personal relationships with the divinities. In figure 3. 9 in the book Antiquity 2, there is a 5th century relief showing a Spartan girl involved a religious rite. From early childhood, girls were raised to be the kind of mothers that Sparta required, just as boys were trained to be the soldiers it needed. The Spartan education system that was devised for girls was to create mothers who would produce the best hoplites, to manage property and to participate in religious festivals.Girls stayed at home with their mothers who taught them the basics of reading and writing. Since music was an important part of Sparta’s religious festivals, the girls had to learn to sing and perform dances such as the bibasis, which was also a fo rm of exercise. Sparta was the only polis where the training of girls was prescribed and supported by public authority. The girl’s physical education involved, â€Å"running, wrestling, discus throwing, and hurling the javelin†, as accounted by Plutarch.The main reason why girls participated in physical activities was to serve the state purpose of giving birth to strong and healthy children, on the basis that both parents were strong and healthy, according to Barrow and Powell. (Blundell, 1995, 151; Fantham, 1994, 57-63; Pomeroy, 1975, 36; Pomeroy, 2002, 4-27 – Don’t know who said what, notes given from a uni student. ) According to Plutarch, unlike girls from other polis, Spartan girls married when â€Å"they were ripe for it†, probably around the age of eighteen when they were more physically mature and ready for motherhood.Spartans were expected to marry within their own social class and was generally arranged between families, with the bride an d groom usually knowing each other beforehand. Another form of marriage that was believed to have been practiced in Sparta was marriage by capture. This occurred when a man would choose a bride and carry her off. Although it sounds like the bride had no choice in who she would marry, A. J. Ball suggests that the act of â€Å"capture† was purely a symbolic act. Plutarch states that the bride was dressed like a male with her hair shaved off in preparation for the marriage.Some suggestions why this procedure was undertaken were because it implied chastity, and to â€Å"ease† the groom into unfamiliar grounds to have sexual intercourse with a woman since he spent the majority of his time with other men. Trial marriages were also practised in Sparta. It was not unusual for a married couple to keep their marriage a secret until the birth of their first child, just in case the wife was barren and so a new marriage contract could be arranged. The Spartan society had an open mi nded attitude towards extramarital relations, provided that it was to produce more children.It was acceptable for an older man with a young wife to give permission for a younger man to have sexual intercourse with her provided that they produce more physically fit children. Also, according to Xenophon, if a man wanted to have children but did not want to get married, he could ask permission from another man if he could share his wife sexually. There were no indications that women made objections or complaints to such arrangements. Married Spartan women had significantly more influence and power in society than other women from other polis.It is thought that they obtained all this influence and power as a result of their wealth, the constant absences of their husbands and an educational system that encouraged them to speak out and express themselves. However, their authority was more social and not political. They were restricted from voting and could not hold governmental positions, even though they made up the majority of Spartiates. It is thought that they did, nevertheless, give their opinions on public matters. They were known to be unbelievably straight talking and dominated their husbands in the household.According to Plutarch, â€Å"When a woman from Attica asked ‘Why is it that you Spartans are the only women who can rule men? ’ Gorgo replied, ‘Because we are the only ones who give birth to men. ’† Another way females in Sparta practiced their authority was during festivals, where girls would sing songs of praises for Spartan boys who deserved them. They would cheer for the winners and mock the losers of competitions which influenced the boys to strive for excellence. According to S. Blundell, â€Å"Females in Sparta were so thoroughly indoctrinated that they formed an effective branch of a state propaganda machine. A shrine of one of Sparta’s most famous women, Cynisca, who had been hailed as a hero for her equ estrian victories, was centrally located in Sparta. This further emphasises how much power and influence they had. Aristotle was critical of the wealth, power and influence women exercised in Sparta because he felt that it strongly contributed to Sparta’s ultimate downfall. (Blundell, 1995, 155-157; Pomeroy, 1991, 144-149; Pomeroy, 2002, 56-93 – Don’t know who said what, notes given from a uni student. ) In conclusion, the role of Spartan women in society was of great importance.They not only played a vital role in the economy, religion, education and public matters, they were the backbone of the entire Spartan race. Without the women playing their role in society, Sparta would not have been the once mighty and great polis as we know it today. Bibliography Hurley, T. , Medcalf, P. , Murray, C. and Rolph, J. 2008, Antiquity 2, Oxford University Press : Victoria. Stevens, V. , Merchant, W. , Hampson, M. and Bradshaw. G. 2006, HSC Ancient History, Macmillan Educati on Australia : South Yarra. Pomeroy, S. B. 2002, Spartan Women, Oxford University Press : New York Jovy Celestino

The Power of Language in Shakespeares King Lear Essay

The Power of Language in King Lear It is often difficult to gain entry into a work of such complete and dazzling genius as King Lear--reading Shakespeare can sometimes feel like trying to get a good long look at the sun on a cloudless day. And yet there are moments when one comes across passages that, by the sheer force of their lyrical, poetic beauty, leap off the page and resonate so strongly within ones mind that they become a kind of distillation of the entire play. One can read this play again and again, and still be struck anew by Shakespeares utter mastery over language; surely there is no other writer who had so full a sense of, and who used to such merciless ends, the power of words. In a genre that denies the†¦show more content†¦Having recognized this, the reader is free to enter into the heart of this transcendent tragedy. We are introduced to Gloucester and his parallel plot line before we are introduced to Lear. In Act One, Scene One, we find Gloucester professing the equal love he bears his two sons, the one legitimate, the other got Å’tween unlawful sheets. The moral code that informs King Lear dictates that illegitimacy, the Å’natural son who is anything but, bodes nothing but detriment to the harmony of intrinsic order; within the terms of the play, Gloucesters Å’equal love is a fatal flaw of judgment. The reader, paying close attention to language, is able to perceive Gloucesters unwitting mistake from Edmunds very first appearance; in a world where the individual vocabulary of each character is a loaded expression of their position on the axis of good and evil, the reader cannot help but notice that Edmundss ... I shall study deserving...(I.i.30) is a foreboding of the duplicity and greed that will stain him throughout the play. 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